Wednesday, October 17, 2018

What's Incorrect Alongside Prison Theatre Cellular Telephone Telephone Radiations Exposure Limits?

Does the FCC Adequately Enforce its Cell Phone Radiation Exposure Limits?

Last September, the Washington, DC police firm, Swankin & Turner, sent a missive of the alphabet to the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) that questioned whether the agency adequately enforced its jail cellular telephone phone radiations exposure limits.

The missive of the alphabet raised iv areas of concern virtually electrical flow testing procedures as well as posed twelve specific questions.

One concern is that the FCC's two-decade-old jail cellular telephone phone testing procedures allow for a 30% margin of error. This agency that a jail cellular telephone phone amongst a Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) greater than 1.231 W/kg tin truly locomote past times the FCC's exposure bound of 1.6 W/kg. The police firm's clients gauge that virtually 75% of the jail cellular telephone phones on the marketplace may locomote past times the electrical flow exposure limits.

In 2012, the U.S. General Accountability Office, an independent, nonpartisan agency that plant for Congress, presented a written report to the FCC which raised concerns virtually the adequacy of jail cellular telephone phone testing procedures. The Commission has yet to address the GAO's concerns as well as so it is unlikely that the FCC volition render a timely reply to Swankin &Turner.

The FCC's lack of responsiveness to the Congress as well as to the American people is explained inwards a Harvard publication past times Norm Alster, "Captured agency: How the Federal Communications Commission is dominated past times the industries it presumably regulates."

Swankin & Turner sent the missive of the alphabet to the FCC on behalf of its clients -- The National Institute for Science, Law as well as Public Policy as well as Environmental Health Trust.

The xi page missive of the alphabet tin hold out downloaded at: http://bit.ly/FCCSAR160909.

June 19, 2017

Current Cell Phone Radiation Standards 
Do Not Protect Human Health

National as well as international regulatory limits for radiofrequency radiations (RFR) exposure from jail cellular telephone phones as well as jail cellular telephone towers are outdated according to Dr. Yuri Grigoriev. Moreover, the standards are inadequate to protect human health, especially the wellness of children as well as those who are hypersensitive to RFR.

Dr. Grigoriev calls for enquiry on the biological effects of chronic exposure to low-intensity RFR inwards social club to railroad train stronger RFR standards, “bearing inwards mind, inwards a higher house all, long-term exposure on the encephalon at all levels of development.”  He argues that until nosotros adopt protective regulations, nosotros should “provide the populace amongst total data on the possible dangers of mobile communication for their health. “ 

Finally, he appeals to his colleagues “Do non sin against the truth!”

Dr. Grigoriev is the Chairman of the Russian National Committee on Non-ionizing Radiation Protection (RNCNIRP), and  a fellow member of the International Advisory Committee on Electromagnetic Fields as well as Health for the World Health Organization.

Following are excerpts from Dr. Grigoriev's mass chapter as well as a link to download the document.


Grigoriev Y. “Methodology of Standards Development for EMF RF inwards Russian Federation as well as past times International Commissions: Distinctions inwards Approaches." In Markov, chiliad (Ed.), Dosimetry inwards Bioelectromagnetics. Chapter 15. pp. 315-337. Boca Raton, FL: Taylor & Francis. 2017.

Excerpts

“The ultimate destination of electromagnetic patch (EMF) standards is to protect human health. Exposure limits are intended to protect against adverse wellness effects of EMF exposure across the entire frequency gain as well as modulation.”

“The Russian touchstone for base of operations stations has already been inwards existence for to a greater extent than than thirty years as well as is to a greater extent than stiff than the maximum degree recommended past times the International Commission of Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP). This distinction has been discussed at scientific meetings for many years—unfortunately, without result.
The minute EMF source of mobile communication—the mobile phone—has no sufficient substantiation on exposure limits. The irradiation of a encephalon is non limited as well as is non supervised. The children using mobile phones are especially at high risk.”

“The kickoff RF EMF touchstone for the population, SanPiN 848-70, was approved past times the Ministry of Health of the USSR inwards 1970 as well as was considered for the population exposure bound of 1 μW/cm2 inwards the microwave band of 300 MHz to 300 GHz. In 1978, the USSR  Ministry of Health approved the adjacent SanPiN No. 1823-78. In this document, MPL for the population inwards the frequency gain of 300 MHz to 300 GHz was laid every bit v μW/cm2.”

“Currently, 3 questions rest relevant for standardization: 
1. Are in that location nonthermal biological effects of depression levels of RF EMF?2. Is it possible that the irradiation of the population amongst RF EMF throughout human life leads to increased adverse biological effects?3. Is in that location a “threshold” degree of exposure to RF EMF, as well as if as well as so how exercise nosotros define it?”
“….These results together amongst numerous studies conducted past times scientists from many countries render direct evidence that RF EMF intensity of upwards to 10 mW/cm2 may receive got a nonthermal machinery of action.”

“There is evidence that RF EMF tin displace evolution of tumors inwards the encephalon of mobile telephone users subsequently a 10–12 yr “waiting period” (Hardell as well as Calberg, 2009). The term 'heavy users' that appeared inwards roughly publications linked the unfavorable bioeffects of the prolonged mobile telephone utilization to accumulative processes of adverse biological effects.

It has been shown that subsequently a unmarried exposure to low-intensity RF EMF, for sure changes inwards the encephalon EEG occur (Lukyanova, 1999, 2015). During the kickoff hours subsequently exposure, in that location is a restoration of bioelectrical activity of the brain, which indicates the insinuation of compensatory processes. Naturally, inwards these conditions, a repeated exposure mightiness weaken compensatory processes as well as Pb to evolution of the physical care for of accumulation (Lukyanov et al., 2015).”

“The threshold degree is the lowest degree of exposure of the physical element (EMF RF), below which the jeopardy to populace wellness does non exist, is introduced inwards analogy amongst the principles of ionizing radiation.  Given the complexity of this problem, nosotros suggest to determine the threshold degree every bit a criterion for the body’s reply to RF EMF exposure, but on the status that this reply should non hold out pathological. This reaction may hold out compensatory/ adaptive as well as should be within the physiological range.”

“When determining the bound values for base of operations stations, the RNCNIRP decided to leave of absence the bound value for the full general populace of 10 μW/cm² unchanged, every bit it was laid inwards 1984. This value was good justified past times previous research, as well as and so in that location was no demand for changing it (Vinogradov as well as Dumanskiy, 1974, 1975; Shandala as well as Vinogradov, 1982; Shandala et al., 1983, 1985; Vinogradov as well as Naumenko, 1986; Vinogradov et al., 1999).

It is of import to banker's complaint that the MPL of 10 μW/cm² for the population has remained intact for to a greater extent than than thirty years. Previously, the touchstone was used exclusively inwards Russian Federation as well as the countries formerly inwards coalition amongst the Soviet Union. Now, MPLs of 10 μW/cm2 or less are used every bit RF legal exposure limits or nonbinding recommendations for national, regional, urban, or sensitive areas for at to the lowest degree twenty countries worldwide (Figure 15.1).”

“The adoption of the touchstone inwards 2003 for the mobile telephone inwards damage of formalizing requirements for methods of measurement the close patch as well as for the institution of a threshold for the evaluation of RF EMF exposure on encephalon business office every bit a critical organ was non optimal….There was a proposal to utilization a security element of v as well as laid to the jail cellular telephone phone MPL at 100 μW/cm2 (Russian Standard, 2003—SanPiN 2.1.8/2.2.4.1190-03). It should hold out emphasized that SanPiN 2.1.8/2.2.4.1190-03, for the kickoff time, introduced the recommendation to bound jail cellular telephone phone utilization for persons younger than eighteen years every bit good every bit meaning women.”

“The next factors allow us to conclude that the potential jeopardy to the wellness of children who utilization mobile phones is really high:

– Absorption of electromagnetic liberate energy past times the caput of a kid is much higher than inwards the caput of adults (children’s encephalon tissue has a higher conductivity, the size of the child’s caput is smaller, as well as the skull os of the kid is thin).
– The distance from the antenna to the encephalon is short, because the child’s ear crunch is really soft as well as has almost no layer of the cartilage.
– The child’s trunk is to a greater extent than sensitive to EMFs than adults.
– The child’s encephalon is to a greater extent than vulnerable to the effects of EMF.
– The brains of children receive got a greater propensity to accumulation of adverse reactions inwards the context of repeated exposures to EMF.
– EMF RF may receive got an adverse consequence on cognitive functions.
– Today’s children utilization mobile phones at an early on historic catamenia as well as volition locomote along to utilization them during their lifespan, as well as and so the duration of the exposure of children to electromagnetic radiations volition hold out substantially larger than that of modern adult users.”

“According to the members of the Russian National Committee of Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (RNCNIRP, 2008), roughly possible disorders that mightiness originate inwards children who utilization mobile phones include weakened memory, reject of attention, reduction  of mental as well as cognitive abilities, irritability, slumber disturbance, vogue to stress reactions, as well as increased epileptic readiness.

It is likewise possible to facial expression the evolution of the adverse effects inwards older historic catamenia every bit the final result of the accumulation of adverse effects both inwards cells as well as inwards diverse functional systems of the body: encephalon tumors, tumors of the auditory as well as vestibular nerves (at historic catamenia 25–30 years), Alzheimer’s disease, “dementia,” depressive syndrome, as well as other manifestations of degeneration of the nervous structures of the encephalon (at historic catamenia 50–60 years).

Children users of mobile phones are non able to know that their brains are subjected to EMF, risking their health. This is a important element inwards moral ethics for parents. Also of import is that the jeopardy of EMF RF exposure is non less than the jeopardy for children’s wellness from tobacco or alcohol.”

“Currently, international standards are developed past times ICNIRP, IEEE, CENELEC, as well as other international as well as national commissions. Their methodology uses exclusively the results of experimental brute studies obtained nether the weather of shrewd effects as well as thermal-level EMF RF (Bernhard, 1999).

Any touchstone security margin depends on the predetermined threshold. Outside Russia, the threshold degree is determined on the solid soil of “stable pathological reactions” inwards the weather of shrewd exposure to RF EMF oestrus degree (WHO Handbook, 2002).”

“Our long sense amongst ionizing as well as non-ionizing radiations led us to formulate the next postulate: “The evolution of hygiene standards for the population should receive got into occupation organization human relationship the actual weather of EMF RF exposure of the population—local or total exposure, shrewd unmarried exposure or chronic, constant, or repeated exposure; the functional importance of ‘critical organ’ or ‘critical trunk systems’; as well as consequence on all population groups or exclusively on for sure limited groups of the population” (Grigoriev, 1997, 2008a).

Taking into occupation organization human relationship this postulate, nosotros tin brand a clear determination that the Western standards exercise non run across the basic hygienic requirements …. Western regulations exercise non receive got into occupation organization human relationship events that occurred for the kickoff fourth dimension during the life of our civilization. Children who utilization mobile phones voluntarily irradiate their brains. This EMF RF exposure of the encephalon occurs every day, as well as the fractional exposure is projected for many years.

We criticized the Western standards because they exercise non lucifer to the actual weather of RF EMF exposure on the population (report inwards 2003 at an international seminar inwards China, Grigoriev et al., 2003b).”

“This analysis of the methodology of RF EMF rule abroad allows us to conclude that the electrical flow so-called International Recommendations/Guidelines (ICNIRP, 1998) as well as the IEEE Standards (S95.1-2005), CENELEC (EN 50166-2.2000) exercise non lucifer to existing weather of RF EMF exposure on the population as well as cannot guarantee the security of the populace health.

Interestingly, this view was confirmed past times the European Parliament inwards 2009 ….”

“We believe that it is necessary within the framework of the evolution problems of the methodology of EMF RF standards to specifically consider additional criteria for jeopardy assessment related to the exposure of children to RF EMF who became active users of mobile phones.

Western experts working on novel standards, completely ignoring the occupation of childhood jail cellular telephone phone utilization exercise non receive got into occupation organization human relationship the WHO sentiment on the higher sensitivity of children to environmental factors inwards the International standards: ‘children are different from adults.’

Children receive got a unique vulnerability. As they grow as well as develop, in that location are “windows of susceptibility”: periods when their organs as well as systems may hold out specially sensitive to the consequence of for sure environmental threats (WHO, 2003).”

“The electromagnetic burden on the population is growing daily. At the same time, over the concluding twenty years, debates are silent continuing on the next topic: Is the wellness of the population at jeopardy because of increasing pollution due to RF EMF from the base of operations stations as well as mobile phones?

The brains of almost all people on the world are exposed to EMF radiation. However, practically, in that location are no restrictions for the utilization of mobile communications. Having the advantages as well as convenience of mobile communication, the population is ignoring the data virtually the possible risks to their health. This threat affects everybody, including children aged 3–4 years. Pregnant women exercise non protect their fetuses from exposure to EMF.

The scientific community is watching this painting present as well as is waiting for the results of this uncontrolled global experiment (Markov as well as Grigoriev, 2013). We saw similar hazards during the Victorian catamenia inwards U.K. (wallpaper amongst mercury as well as toys amongst lead).”

“…there are iv postulates that present the jeopardy to populace wellness from mobile communication (Grigoriev, 2013). It is necessary to convince the population as well as to exercise an surroundings of reasonable restrictions on the utilization of this  communication.

The kickoff postulate: ‘EMF—harmful type of radiation.’ Mobile communication uses RF EMF. This type of electromagnetic radiations is considered harmful. Exceeding the permissible levels tin displace disease; therefore, it requires hygienic control. This is the absolute truth.

The minute postulate: ‘The encephalon as well as EMF.’ The mobile telephone is an opened upwards source of EMF, as well as in that location is no protection for valuable human organs. EMFs deport upon the encephalon during mobile telephone use. Nerve structures within the internal ear (the vestibular as well as the auditory apparatus) are located direct nether the beam of EMF. This is the absolute truth.

The 3rd postulate: ‘Children as well as EMF.’ For the kickoff time, inwards history the child’s encephalon is subjected to RF EMF. There are no results of the study of chronic local RF EMF exposure on the brain. Children are to a greater extent than vulnerable to external environmental factors. This sentiment was expressed past times WHO (2003) as well as inwards the Parma Declaration (WHO European Region, 2010). This is the absolute truth.

Fourth postulate: ‘The lack of adequate recommendations/standards.’ There is no understanding on the methodology for determining the EMF RF remote command as well as for the evolution of international standards, as well as in that location are no results from twenty years of debate on this issue. This is a existent fact.”

“I believe that the fourth dimension has come upwards to render the populace amongst total data on the possible dangers of mobile communication for their health. The abovementioned iv postulates allow the populace to screen the probable risks to their wellness from uncontrolled utilization of mobile communication.”

“I appeal to colleagues: Do non sin against the truth!”

Conclusions

“Of course, novel sources of electromagnetic radiations are creating additional problems inwards the evolution of standards. Public wellness protection issues inwards connection amongst the utilization of mobile communications receive got locomote completely different. The utilization of mobile phones has led to the local long-term RF EMF exposure to the brain. The normative degree is non considered a permanent RF EMF exposure on the encephalon of the user. Existing regulations exercise non address to the existent jeopardy RF EMF exposure. Given these circumstances, standards cannot currently guarantee the well-being of adults as well as children.

Children mobile telephone users were included inwards the grouping of high risk. In this regard, in that location is a demand to railroad train to a greater extent than appropriate stringent standards to ensure absolute security for growing children. Existing standards should receive got into consideration the vulnerable grouping of people hypersensitive to RF EMF.

Given that the electrical flow regulations are outdated, it is necessary to send out complex enquiry into possible biological effects on weather of chronic exposure to low-intensity EMF RF, bearing inwards mind, inwards a higher house all, long-term exposure on the encephalon at all levels of development.

As a temporary mensurate of limiting exposure to EMF on the population, it is necessary to innovate the concept of “voluntary risk”; that is, mobile telephony should hold out a production of self-selection on the background of the official populace data virtually possible wellness hazards.”


The document tin hold out downloaded from the Radiation Research Trust: http://bit.ly/GrigorievRRT


June 23, 2014


What's Wrong amongst Cell Phone Radiation 
Exposure Limits?

In 1996, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) adopted a jail cellular telephone phone radiations exposure bound based upon a mensurate called the Specific Absorption Rate or SAR.  A SAR testing physical care for was developed that is applied to all jail cellular telephone phones sold inwards the U.S.

In the U.S as well as virtually a one-half dozen other countries, jail cellular telephone phones are allowed to receive got a maximum SAR of 1.6 watts per kilogram of tissue averaged over 1 gram of tissue.  Many countries, however, adopted a to a greater extent than permissive standard, that was developed past times a self-appointed body, known as the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection or ICNIRP. The ICNIRP touchstone allows for upwards to 2.0 watts per kilogram of tissue averaged over x grams of tissue. 

Recent studies receive got determined that the caput tin absorb 2-3 times the radiations from a telephone based on the ICNIRP touchstone every bit compared to the U.S. standard. Nonetheless, the jail cellular telephone phone manufacture inwards the U.S. has been lobbying the FCC to adopt the ICNIRP touchstone using the euphemism, "harmonization," to justify this weakening of the regulatory standard.

Considerable research, however, suggests that both the U.S. as well as ICNIRP standards exercise non adequately protect us from wellness risks due to exposure to jail cellular telephone phone radiation. The Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) as well as testing procedures are based upon iv fallacies:

1) The SAR standards assume that a thermal (or heating) consequence is the exclusively way that microwave radiations emitted past times jail cellular telephone phones tin harm tissue.

However, many studies receive got found that exposure to low-intensity, microwave radiations at non-thermal levels where in that location is no measurable temperature alter tin make deoxyribonucleic acid damage, reactive oxygen species, as well as stress proteins, as well as tin alter encephalon activity as well as opened upwards the blood-brain-barrier. The SAR standards exercise non protect mobile device users from these non-thermal effects.

2) The standards are based upon averaging jail cellular telephone telephone radiations exposure over 1 or x grams of tissue as well as over time.

However, pinnacle exposures and/or "hot spots" which impairment tissue are non considered.

3) The standards exclusively consider the immediate, shrewd effects of jail cellular telephone phone radiations exposure.

However, chronic effects due to long-term exposure are ignored.


4) The SAR examine physical care for uses a Specific Anthropomorphic Mannequin (SAM) which simulates a really large man's caput as well as body.

The standards exercise non address exposure to fetuses, children, or women, different tissue types, or metallic element objects worn on the trunk that influence the absorption of radiations (e.g., metallic element optic glasses, earrings, or dental braces).  Research indicates that a child's encephalon absorbs 2-3 times the radiations of an adult's brain.


--

Evaluation of Specific Absorption Rate every bit a Dosimetric Quantity for Electromagnetic Fields Bioeffects

DJ Panagopoulos, O Johansson, GL Carlo. Evaluation of Specific Absorption Rate every bit a Dosimetric Quantity for Electromagnetic Fields Bioeffects. PLoS One. 2013; 8(6): e62663. Published online 2013 Jun 4. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0062663

Abstract

Purpose  To evaluate SAR every bit a dosimetric quantity for EMF bioeffects, as well as position ways for increasing the precision inwards EMF dosimetry as well as bioactivity assessment.

Methods  We hash out the interaction of man-made electromagnetic waves amongst biological thing as well as calculate the liberate energy transferred to a unmarried complimentary ion within a cell. We analyze the physics as well as biological scientific discipline of SAR as well as evaluate the methods of its estimation. We hash out the experimentally observed non-linearity betwixt electromagnetic exposure as well as biological effect.

Results  We let on that: a) The liberate energy absorbed past times living thing during exposure to environmentally accounted EMFs is ordinarily good below the thermal level. b) All existing methods for SAR estimation, especially those based upon tissue electrical conductivity as well as internal electrical field, receive got serious deficiencies. c) The exclusively method to gauge SAR without large fault is past times measurement temperature increases within biological tissue, which ordinarily are negligible for environmental EMF intensities, as well as thus cannot hold out measured.

Conclusions  SAR truly refers to thermal effects, patch the vast bulk of the recorded biological effects from man-made non-ionizing environmental radiations are non-thermal. Even if SAR could hold out accurately estimated for a whole tissue, organ, or body, the biological/health consequence is determined past times tiny amounts of energy/power absorbed past times specific biomolecules, which cannot hold out calculated. Moreover, it depends upon patch parameters non taken into occupation organization human relationship inwards SAR calculation. Thus, SAR should non hold out used every bit the primary dosimetric quantity, but used exclusively every bit a complementary measure, ever reporting the estimating method as well as the corresponding error. Radiation/field intensity along amongst additional physical parameters (such every bit frequency, modulation etc) which tin hold out direct as well as inwards whatsoever illustration to a greater extent than accurately measured on the surface of biological tissues, should constitute the primary mensurate for EMF exposures, inwards spite of similar doubtfulness to predict the biological consequence due to non-linearity.


http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0062663



Resources


For farther data virtually the FCC review of the SAR exposure limits inwards the U.S. consider ...

FCC Needs Input on Radio Frequency Radiation

http://bit.ly/19ie1zG

Does The FCC Plan To Rubber Stamp Outdated Cell Phone Radiation Standards?
http://bit.ly/19LJlHe

Comments submitted to FCC re: "FCC Proposes Changes inwards the Commission's Rules as well as Procedures Regarding Human Exposure to RadioFrequency Electromagnetic Energy" (Proceeding Number 03-137), February 5, 2013
http://bit.ly/WsHdLe


What's Wrong amongst the GAO Report on Cell Phone Radiation?
http://bit.ly/18zDa9G

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What's Incorrect Alongside Prison Theatre Cellular Telephone Telephone Radiations Exposure Limits?
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