REVIEW PAPERS
Ford-Glanton BS, Melendez DA. Male reproductive toxicants: Electromagnetic radiations together with heat. Reference Module inwards Biomedical Sciences, 2018.
Human population inwards today's the world lives surrounded past times radiofrequency fields (RF) together with electromagnetic radiations (EM) fields, transmitting virtually all forms of electronic communication together with information that humans make every second. Mobile devices together with laptop computers are EMR-emitting devices. The effect of mobile telephone emitted radiations together with estrus on fertility is the acre of study of recent involvement together with investigations. Many studies accept found a decrease inwards semen character which has increased the focus on manly someone reproductive health. Infertility affects merely about 15% of couples of reproductive age, together with nearly one-half of these cases are linked to manly someone fertility (Sharlip et al., 2002). Different harmful environmental influences accept led to changes inwards semen analysis standards past times reducing the lower limits of normal ranges, which were declared past times the World Health Organization (2010). The possible negative impact of mobile telephone radiations on sperm character has been good established. While no certainly conclusions tin give the axe move drawn from electrical current evidence, a growing number of studies holler for a decrease inwards manly someone fertility associated amongst increased energy cell usage (Agarwal et al., 2011) together with laptop computers using Wi-Fi (Avendaño et al., 2012a). Here nosotros review the electrical current evidence regarding the effects of electromagnetic radiations together with estrus inwards manly someone fertility.
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Yahyazadeh A, Deniz OG, Kaplan AA, Altun G, Yurt KK, Davis D. The genomic effects of jail energy cell telephone exposure on the reproductive system. Environmental Research. Available online 5 June 2018.
Abstract
Humans are exposed to increasing levels of electromagnetic fields (EMF) at diverse frequencies every bit engineering scientific discipline advances. In this context, improving agreement of the biological effects of EMF remains an important, high priority issue. Although a number of studies inwards this number together with elsewhere accept focused on the mechanisms of the oxidative stress caused past times EMF, the precise agreement of the processes involved remains to move elucidated. Due to unclear results amid the studies, the number of EMF exposure inwards the literature should move evaluated at the genomic flat on the reproductive system. Based on this requirement, a particular review of of late published studies is necessary. The primary objectives of this study are to demonstrate differences betwixt negative together with positive effect of EMF on the reproductive organisation of beast together with human. Extensive review of literature has been made based on good known information bases similar Web of Science, PubMed, MEDLINE, Google Scholar, Science Direct, Scopus. This newspaper reviews the electrical current literature together with is intended to contribute to a improve agreement of the genotoxic effects of EMF emitted from mobile phones together with wireless systems on the human reproductive system, especially on fertility. The electrical current literature reveals that mobile phones tin give the axe demeanor upon cellular functions via non-thermal effects. Although the cellular targets of global organisation for mobile communications (GSM)-modulated EMF are associated amongst the jail energy cell membrane, the acre of study is nevertheless controversial. Studies regarding the genotoxic effects of EMF accept mostly focused on deoxyribonucleic acid damage. Possible mechanisms are related to ROS formation due to oxidative stress. EMF increases ROS production past times enhancing the action of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) oxidase inwards the jail energy cell membrane. Further detailed studies are needed to elucidate deoxyribonucleic acid impairment mechanisms together with apoptotic pathways during oogenesis together with spermatogenesis inwards germ cells exposed to EMF.
Conclusion
This newspaper reviews the electrical current literature together with is intended to contribute to a improve agreement of the genotoxic effects of EMF emitted from mobile phones together with wireless systems on the human reproductive system, especially on fertility. The electrical current literature reveals that mobile phones tin give the axe demeanor upon cellular functions via non-thermal effects (Diem et al., 2005; Hanci et al., 2013 ; Odaci et al., 2016a). Although the cellular targets of GSM-modulated EMF are associated amongst the jail energy cell membrane, the acre of study is nevertheless controversial (Eberhardt et al., 2008). Studies regarding the genotoxic effects of EMF accept mostly focused on deoxyribonucleic acid impairment (Mortelmans together with Rupa, 2004; Young, 2002; Zeiger, 2004; Panagopoulos, 2012 ; Turedi et al., 2016). Possible mechanisms are related to ROS formation due to oxidative stress (Moustafa et al., 2004; Hanukoglu et al., 2006). EMF increases ROS production past times enhancing the action of NADH oxidase inwards the jail energy cell membrane (Friedman et al., 2007b). In this context, EMF affected spermatozoa may accept a high grade charge per unit of measurement of infertilization. It seems that previous genomic studies make non demonstrate definitive evidence regarding EMF affected cells inwards the fertilization. Although nosotros evaluated broadly the genomic effects of jail energy cell telephone exposure on the reproductive organisation using both beast together with human studies, i of the weaknesses of this piece of work is insufficient review of human studies. This may come upwardly from express number of EMF based human studies inwards the literature. Further detailed studies are needed to elucidate deoxyribonucleic acid impairment mechanisms together with apoptotic pathways during oogenesis together with spermatogenesis inwards germ cells that are exposed to EMF.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0013935118302639
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Altun G, Deniz OG, Yurt KK, Davis D, Kaplan S. Effects of mobile phone exposure on metabolomics inwards the manly someone together with woman someone reproductive systems. Environmental Research. Available online 5 June 2018.
Highlights
• Long-term exposure to EMF decreases sperm motility together with fertilization.
• Effects of EMF emitted from mobile phones are related to poly peptide synthesis.• Oxidative stress based EMF exposure modulates nitric oxide flat inwards the germ cells.
• Oxidative stress based EMF exposure inhibits antioxidant mechanisms inwards the germ cells.
Abstract
With electrical current advances inwards technology, a number of epidemiological together with experimental studies accept reported a broad make of adverse effects of electromagnetic fields (EMF) on human health. Multiple cellular mechanisms accept been proposed every bit straight causes or contributors to these biological effects. EMF-induced alterations inwards cellular levels tin give the axe activate voltage-gated calcium channels together with atomic number 82 to the formation of gratis radicals, poly peptide misfolding together with deoxyribonucleic acid damage. Because speedily dividing germ cells move through meiosis together with mitosis, they are to a greater extent than sensitive to EMF inwards contrast to other slower-growing jail energy cell types. In this review, possible mechanistic pathways of the effects of EMF exposure on fertilization, oogenesis together with spermatogenesis are discussed. In addition, the introduce review likewise evaluates metabolomic effects of GSM-modulated EMFs on the manly someone together with woman someone reproductive systems inwards recent human together with beast studies. In this context, experimental together with epidemiological studies which examine the impact of mobile telephone radiations on the processes of oogenesis together with spermatogenesis are examined inwards line amongst electrical current approaches.
Conclusion
EMF emitted past times mobile phones has a number of well-documented adverse metabolomic effects on the manly someone together with woman someone reproductive systems together with tin give the axe atomic number 82 to infertility past times increasing ROS production together with reducing GSH together with other antioxidants. The primary target of the EMF emitted past times mobile phones may move the jail energy cell membrane (Pall inwards press, this volume). This so results inwards accelerated action of membrane NADH oxidase and, consequently, greater rates of ROS formation that cannot move easily conjugated or detoxified. Although many studies accept reported morphological together with functional deteriorations inwards testis together with ovary next EMF exposures, every bit good both structural together with functional deficits inwards reproductive health, the underlying mechanisms accept non been fully elucidated. To assistance inwards farther clarification of these processes together with mechanisms, Table 1 summarizes key studies on the metabolomic effects of EMF on reproductive systems. Future studies volition make goodness greatly from standardized exposure protocols together with evaluations of key metabolomic indicators.
Sepehrimanesh, M. & Davis, D.L. Proteomic impacts of electromagnetic fields on the manly someone reproductive system. Comp Clin Pathol (2016). doi:10.1007/s00580-016-2342-x. Epub ahead of print: Oct 13, 2016.
Abstract
The exercise of mobile phones together with other wireless transmitting devices is increasing dramatically inwards developing together with developed countries, every bit is the charge per unit of measurement of infertility. H5N1 number of respected infertility clinics inwards Australia, India, USA, together with Islamic Republic of Iran are reporting that those who regularly exercise mobile phones tend to accept reduced sperm quantity together with quality. Some experimental studies accept found that human sperm exposed to electromagnetic fields (EMF), either simulated or from mobile phones, developed biomarkers of impaired construction together with function, every bit good every bit reduced quantity. These screen pathological, endocrine, together with proteomic changes. Proteins perform a vast array of functions inside living organisms, together with the proteome is the entire array of proteins—the ultimate biomolecules inwards the pathways of deoxyribonucleic acid transcription to translation. Proteomics is the fine art together with scientific discipline of studying all proteins inwards cells, using dissimilar techniques. This newspaper reviews proteomic experimental together with clinical evidence that EMF acts every bit a male-mediated teratogen together with contributor to infertility.
Conclusions
As amid the most speedily proliferating human cells, spermatogenesis together with associated activities offering an of import endpoint for evaluation. More than threescore dissimilar compounds or industrial processes accept been identified every bit increasing defects inwards human sperm or testicular tissue together with mayhap increasing the jeopardy to offspring from male-mediated exposures. In this study, nosotros reviewed structural together with functional proteomic changes related to EMF exposure. Reported changes are categorized based on primary affected tissue together with likewise the most of import adverse effects. Overall, these results demonstrate pregnant effects of radio frequency-modulated EMF exposure on the proteome, including both structural together with functional impacts such every bit a decrease inwards the diameter together with weight of the seminiferous tubules together with the hateful tiptop of the germinal epithelium (Ozguner et al. 2005) and/or pathological together with physiological changes inwards key biochemical components of the testicular tissues (Luo et al. 2013). These structural together with functional changes may business organisation human relationship for the pathological impact of EMF on the manly someone reproductive organisation reported inwards the experimental piece of work that nosotros together with others accept conducted. While EMF is currently beingness used for a number of therapeutic applications (REF), the piece of work nosotros accept reviewed hither clearly indicates a make of harmful effects, especially on genital systems.
http://bit.ly/2dTj1oT
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Houston B, Nixon B, King BV, De Iuliis G, Aitken RJ. The effects of radiofrequency electromagnetic radiations on sperm function. Reproduction. 2016 Sep 6. pii: REP-16-0126.
Abstract
Mobile telephone usage has larn an integral percentage of our lives. However, the effects of the radiofrequency electromagnetic radiations (RF-EMR) emitted past times these devices on biological systems together with specifically the reproductive systems are currently nether active debate. H5N1 key hindrance to the electrical current struggle is that at that spot is no clear machinery of how such non-ionising radiations influences biological systems. Therefore, nosotros explored the documented impacts of RF-EMR on the manly someone reproductive organisation together with considered whatever mutual observations that could provide insights on a potential mechanism.
Among a total of 27 studies investigating the effects of RF-EMR on the manly someone reproductive system, negative consequences of exposure were reported inwards 21. Within these 21 studies, eleven of the fifteen that investigated sperm motility reported pregnant declines, seven of seven that measured the production of reactive oxygen species documented elevated levels together with 4 of 5 studies that probed for deoxyribonucleic acid impairment highlighted increased damage, due to RF-EMR exposure. Associated amongst this, RF-EMR handling reduced antioxidant levels inwards vi of vi studies that studied this phenomenon, spell consequences of RF-EMR were successfully ameliorated amongst the supplementation of antioxidants inwards all 3 studies that carried out these experiments.
In lite of this, nosotros envisage a two-step machinery whereby RF-EMR is able to get mitochondrial dysfunction leading to elevated ROS production.
A continued focus on question which aims to shed lite on the biological effects of RF-EMR volition allow us to evidence together with assess this proposed machinery inwards a multifariousness of jail energy cell types.
http://bit.ly/2cJJ2pE
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Adams JA, Galloway TS, Mondal D, Esteves SC, Mathews F. Effect of mobile telephones on sperm quality: H5N1 systematic review together with meta-analysis. Environment International. 70:106-112. September 2014.
Summary
http://bit.ly/2cJJ2pE
Conclusion
To date, contradictory studies surrounding the impacts of RF-EMR on biological systems hold contention over this subject. Nevertheless, question into the biological responses stimulated past times RF-EMR is specially of import given our ever-increasing exercise of mobile telephone technology. While clinical studies are identifying possible detrimental effects of RF-EMR, it is imperative that mechanistic studies are conducted that elucidate the vogue inwards which RF-EMR perturbs biological function, thus supplying a rational cause. H5N1 focus on the manly someone reproductive organisation may sense every bit consequences of the personal storage of mobile devices, the unique vulnerability of the highly specialised sperm cell, together with the futurity wellness burden that may move created if conception proceeds amongst defective, DNA-damaged spermatozoa. While this acre of study remains a topic of active debate, this review has considered the growing trunk of evidence suggesting a possible role for RF-EMR induced impairment of the manly someone germ line. In a bulk of studies, this impairment has been characterized past times loss of sperm motility together with viability every bit good every bit the induction of ROS generation together with deoxyribonucleic acid damage. We accept thence given consideration to the potential mechanisms through which RF-EMR may elicit these effects on spermatozoa, which nosotros utilized every bit a sensitive model system. We advise a mechanistic model inwards which RF-EMR exposure leads to defective mitochondrial business office associated amongst elevated levels of ROS production together with culminates inwards a terra firma of oxidative stress that would business organisation human relationship the varying phenotypes observed inwards answer to RF-EMR exposure. With farther complementary data, this model volition provide novel impetus to the acre together with stimulate question that volition allow us to confidently assess the reproductive hazards of mobile telephone usage.
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Adams JA, Galloway TS, Mondal D, Esteves SC, Mathews F. Effect of mobile telephones on sperm quality: H5N1 systematic review together with meta-analysis. Environment International. 70:106-112. September 2014.
Summary
Mobile phones are owned past times most of the adult population worldwide. Radio-frequency radiations (RFR) from these devices could demeanor upon sperm evolution together with function. Around 14% of couples inwards high- together with middle-income countries accept difficulty conceiving. Male infertility is involved merely about 40% of the time. Several countries accept reported unexplained declines inwards semen quality.
Animal question has found that RFR tin give the axe demeanor upon the jail energy cell wheel of sperm, increment sperm jail energy cell decease together with make histological changes inwards the testes. Research on humans has found that prolonged mobile telephone exercise is associated amongst decreased motility, sperm concentration, morphology together with viability suggesting a probable impact on fertility.
The authors of this peer-reviewed study conducted a systematic review of the question together with a quantitative analysis to create upwardly one's hear whether exposure to mobile telephone radiations affects human sperm quality. Participants were from fertility clinics together with question centers.
The study examined the sperm character outcome measures most ofttimes used to assess fertility inwards clinical settings: motility (the might to motion properly through the woman someone reproductive tract), viability (the might to fertilize the egg), together with concentration (the number of sperm inwards a milliliter of ejaculate).
Ten studies were examined including 1,492 human sperm samples. Exposure to mobile phones was found to move associated amongst a pregnant viii per cent average reduction inwards sperm motility together with a pregnant ix per cent average reduction inwards sperm viability. The effects on sperm concentration were to a greater extent than equivocal. The results were consistent across experimental laboratory studies together with correlational observational studies.
The authors concluded that the overall results suggest that mobile telephone exposure negatively affects sperm character inwards humans. The clinical importance of these effects in this study may move express to subfertile men together with to men at the lower-end of the normal spectrum.
Open access paper: http://bit.ly/cellphonespermdamage.--
Liu K, Li Y, Zhang G, Liu J, Cao J, Ao L, Zhang S. Association betwixt mobile telephone exercise together with semen quality: a systemic review together with meta-analysis. Andrology. 2014 Jul;2(4):491-501. Epub 2014 Apr 3.
Abstract
Possible hazardous wellness effects of radiofrequency electromagnetic radiations emitted from mobile telephone on the reproductive organisation accept raised populace concern inwards recent years. This systemic review together with meta-analysis was prepared next criterion procedures of the Cochrane Collaboration together with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews together with Meta-Analyses argument together with checklist. Relevant studies published upwardly to May 2013 were identified from 5 major international together with Chinese literature databases: Medline/PubMed, EMBASE, CNKI, the VIP database together with the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials inwards the Cochrane Library. Eighteen studies amongst 3947 men together with 186 rats were included inwards the systemic review, of which 12 studies (four human studies, 4 inwards vitro studies together with 4 beast studies) amongst 1533 men together with 97 rats were used inwards the meta-analyses. Systemic review showed that results of most of the human studies together with inwards vitro laboratory studies indicated mobile telephone exercise or radiofrequency exposure had negative effects on the diverse semen parameters studied. However, meta-analysis indicated that mobile telephone exercise had no adverse effects on semen parameters inwards human studies. In the inwards vitro studies, meta-analysis indicated that radiofrequency radiations had detrimental effect on sperm motility together with viability inwards vitro [pooled hateful divergence (MDs) (95% CI): -4.11 (-8.08, -0.13), -3.82 (-7.00, -0.65) for sperm motility together with viability respectively]. As for beast studies, radiofrequency exposure had harmful effects on sperm concentration together with motility [pooled MDs (95% CI): -8.75 (-17.37, -0.12), -17.72 (-32.79, -2.65) for sperm concentration together with motility respectively]. Evidence from electrical current studies suggests potential harmful effects of mobile telephone exercise on semen parameters. H5N1 farther multicentred together with standardized study is needed to assess the jeopardy of mobile telephone exercise on the reproductive system.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24700791
Recent papers (Updated: 9/21/2018)
Abeer M. Hagras, Eman A. Toraih, Manal S. Fawzy. Mobile phones electromagnetic radiations together with NAD+-dependent Isocitrate Dehydrogenase every bit a mitochondrial marking inwards Asthenozoospermia. Biochimie Open. Available online July 25, 2016. http://bit.ly/2b69gh9
Adams JA, Galloway TS, Mondal D, Esteves SC, Mathews F. Effect of mobile telephones on sperm quality: H5N1 systematic review together with meta-analysis. Environment International. 70:106-112. September 2014. http://bit.ly/cellphonespermdamage
Agarwal A, Deepinder F, Sharma RK, Ranga G, Li J. Effect of jail energy cell telephone usage on semen analysis inwards men attending infertility clinic: an observational study. Fertil Steril. 2008 Jan;89(1):124-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17482179
Agarwal A, Desai NR, Makker K, Varghese A, Mouradi R, Sabanegh E, Sharma R. Effects of radiofrequency electromagnetic waves (RF-EMW) from cellular phones on human ejaculated semen: an inwards vitro airplane pilot study. Fertil Steril. 2009;92(4):1318-25. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18804757
Agarwal A, Singh A, Hamada A, Kesari K. Cell phones together with manly someone infertility: a review of recent innovations inwards engineering scientific discipline together with consequences.Int Braz J Urol. 2011; 37(4):432-54. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21888695
Akdag MZ, Dasdag S, Canturk F, Karabulut D, Caner Y, Adalier N. Does prolonged radiofrequency radiations emitted from Wi-Fi devices get deoxyribonucleic acid impairment inwards diverse tissues of rats? J Chem Neuroanat. 2016 January 8. http://1.usa.gov/1RjkMVb
Al-Bayyari N. Middle East Fertility Society Journal. The effect of jail energy cell telephone usage on semen character together with fertility amid Jordanian males. Published online Apr 7, 2017. http://bit.ly/2pfcO6L
Al-Quzwini OF, Al-Taee, Al-Shaikh SF. Male fertility together with its association amongst occupational together with mobile telephone towers hazards: An analytic study. Middle East Fertility Society Journal. 2016 Apr 8. http://bit.ly/1SRUWWs
Bin-Meferij MM, El-Kott AF. The radioprotective effects of Moringa oleifera against mobile telephone electromagnetic radiation-induced infertility inwards rats.Int J Clin Exp Med. 2015 Aug 15;8(8):12487-97. eCollection 2015. http://1.usa.gov/1MURLR1
Boga A, Emre M, Sertdemir Y, Uncu İ, Binokay S, Demirhan O. Effects of GSM-like radiofrequency irradiation during the oogenesis together with spermiogenesis of Xenopus laevis. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2016 Mar 24;129:137-144. http://1.usa.gov/1VQh4pP
Çetkin M, Kızılkan N, Demirel C, Bozdağ Z, Erkılıç S, Erbağcı H. Quantitative changes inwards testicular construction together with business office inwards rat exposed to mobile telephone radiation. Andrologia. 2017 January 26. http://bit.ly/2jIxlyh
Fatehi D, Anjomshoa M, Mohammadi M, Seify M, Rostamzadeh A. Biological effects of cell-phone radiofrequency waves exposure on fertilization inwards mice; an inwards vivo together with inwards vitro study. Middle East Fertility Society Journal. 23 Oct 2017. http://bit.ly/2iUT4Yd
Gao XH, Hu HR, Ma X2, Chen J, Zhang GH. [Cellphone electromagnetic radiations damages the testicular ultrastructure of manly someone rats]. [Article inwards Chinese]. Zhonghua Nan Ke Xue. 2016 Jun;22(6):491-495. http://bit.ly/2ywyJig
Gohari FA, Saranjam B, Asgari M, Omidi L, Ekrami H, Moussavi-Najarkola SA. An Experimental Study of the Effects of Combined Exposure to Microwave together with Heat on Gene Expression together with Sperm Parameters inwards Mice. J Hum Reprod Sci. 2017 Apr-Jun;10(2):128-134. http://bit.ly/2EpfWVM
Recent papers (Updated: 9/21/2018)
Abeer M. Hagras, Eman A. Toraih, Manal S. Fawzy. Mobile phones electromagnetic radiations together with NAD+-dependent Isocitrate Dehydrogenase every bit a mitochondrial marking inwards Asthenozoospermia. Biochimie Open. Available online July 25, 2016. http://bit.ly/2b69gh9
Adams JA, Galloway TS, Mondal D, Esteves SC, Mathews F. Effect of mobile telephones on sperm quality: H5N1 systematic review together with meta-analysis. Environment International. 70:106-112. September 2014. http://bit.ly/cellphonespermdamage
Agarwal A, Deepinder F, Sharma RK, Ranga G, Li J. Effect of jail energy cell telephone usage on semen analysis inwards men attending infertility clinic: an observational study. Fertil Steril. 2008 Jan;89(1):124-8. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17482179
Agarwal A, Desai NR, Makker K, Varghese A, Mouradi R, Sabanegh E, Sharma R. Effects of radiofrequency electromagnetic waves (RF-EMW) from cellular phones on human ejaculated semen: an inwards vitro airplane pilot study. Fertil Steril. 2009;92(4):1318-25. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18804757
Agarwal A, Singh A, Hamada A, Kesari K. Cell phones together with manly someone infertility: a review of recent innovations inwards engineering scientific discipline together with consequences.Int Braz J Urol. 2011; 37(4):432-54. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21888695
Akdag MZ, Dasdag S, Canturk F, Karabulut D, Caner Y, Adalier N. Does prolonged radiofrequency radiations emitted from Wi-Fi devices get deoxyribonucleic acid impairment inwards diverse tissues of rats? J Chem Neuroanat. 2016 January 8. http://1.usa.gov/1RjkMVb
Al-Bayyari N. Middle East Fertility Society Journal. The effect of jail energy cell telephone usage on semen character together with fertility amid Jordanian males. Published online Apr 7, 2017. http://bit.ly/2pfcO6L
Al-Quzwini OF, Al-Taee, Al-Shaikh SF. Male fertility together with its association amongst occupational together with mobile telephone towers hazards: An analytic study. Middle East Fertility Society Journal. 2016 Apr 8. http://bit.ly/1SRUWWs
Bin-Meferij MM, El-Kott AF. The radioprotective effects of Moringa oleifera against mobile telephone electromagnetic radiation-induced infertility inwards rats.Int J Clin Exp Med. 2015 Aug 15;8(8):12487-97. eCollection 2015. http://1.usa.gov/1MURLR1
Boga A, Emre M, Sertdemir Y, Uncu İ, Binokay S, Demirhan O. Effects of GSM-like radiofrequency irradiation during the oogenesis together with spermiogenesis of Xenopus laevis. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2016 Mar 24;129:137-144. http://1.usa.gov/1VQh4pP
Çetkin M, Kızılkan N, Demirel C, Bozdağ Z, Erkılıç S, Erbağcı H. Quantitative changes inwards testicular construction together with business office inwards rat exposed to mobile telephone radiation. Andrologia. 2017 January 26. http://bit.ly/2jIxlyh
Fatehi D, Anjomshoa M, Mohammadi M, Seify M, Rostamzadeh A. Biological effects of cell-phone radiofrequency waves exposure on fertilization inwards mice; an inwards vivo together with inwards vitro study. Middle East Fertility Society Journal. 23 Oct 2017. http://bit.ly/2iUT4Yd
Ford-Glanton BS, Melendez BA. Male Reproductive Toxicants: Electromagnetic Radiation together with Heat. Reference Module inwards Biomedical Sciences. 2018. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-801238-3.64536-1.
Gao XH, Hu HR, Ma X2, Chen J, Zhang GH. [Cellphone electromagnetic radiations damages the testicular ultrastructure of manly someone rats]. [Article inwards Chinese]. Zhonghua Nan Ke Xue. 2016 Jun;22(6):491-495. http://bit.ly/2ywyJig
Gohari FA, Saranjam B, Asgari M, Omidi L, Ekrami H, Moussavi-Najarkola SA. An Experimental Study of the Effects of Combined Exposure to Microwave together with Heat on Gene Expression together with Sperm Parameters inwards Mice. J Hum Reprod Sci. 2017 Apr-Jun;10(2):128-134. http://bit.ly/2EpfWVM
Houston B, Nixon B, King BV, De Iuliis G, Aitken RJ. The effects of radiofrequency electromagnetic radiations on sperm function. Reproduction. 2016 Sep 6. pii: REP-16-0126. http://bit.ly/2cJJ2pE
Houston BJ, Nixon B, King BV, Aitken RJ, De Iuliis GN. Probing the origins of 1,800 MHz radio frequency electromagnetic radiations induced impairment inwards mouse immortalized germ cells together with spermatozoa inwards vitro. Front. Public Health. 2018 Sep 21. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2018.00270
Kamali K, Atarod M, Sarhadi S, Nikbakht J, Emami M, Maghsoudi R, Salimi H, Fallahpour B, Kamali N, Momtazan A, Ameli M. Effects of electromagnetic waves emitted from 3G+wi-fi modems on human semen analysis. Urologia. 2017 Sep 14:0.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/p
Lewis RC, Mínguez-Alarcón L, Meeker JD, Williams PL, Mezei G, Ford JB, Hauser R; EARTH Study Team.Self-reported mobile telephone exercise together with semen parameters amid men from a fertility clinic. Reprod Toxicol. 2016 November 9. pii: S0890-6238(16)30408-7. http://bit.ly/2fV0DuM
(Note: Authors study conflict of involvement together with express statistical might to discover effects.)
Li R, Yang WQ, Chen HQ, Zhang YH. Morinda Officinalis How improves cellphone radiation-induced abnormality of LH together with LHR inwards manly someone rats. Article inwards Chinese. Zhonghua Nan Ke Xue. 2015 Sep;21(9):824-7. http://bit.ly/1Sn6Qsy
Lin YY, Wu T, Liu JY, Gao P, Li KC, Guo QY, Yuan M, Lang HY, Zeng LH, Guo GZ. 1950 MHz radio frequency electromagnetic radiations inhibits testosterone secretion of mouse Leydig cells. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2017 December 23;15(1). http://bit.ly/2CV3VKc
Ma HR, Cao XH, Ma XL, Chen JJ, Chen JW, Yang H, Liu YX. [Protective effect of Liuweidihuang Pills against cellphone electromagnetic radiation-induced histomorphological abnormality, oxidative injury, together with jail energy cell apoptosis inwards rat testes]. Zhonghua Nan Ke Xue. 2015 Aug;21(8):737-41. [Article inwards Chinese]. http://1.usa.gov/1MtbdCM Lin YY, Wu T, Liu JY, Gao P, Li KC, Guo QY, Yuan M, Lang HY, Zeng LH, Guo GZ. 1950 MHz radio frequency electromagnetic radiations inhibits testosterone secretion of mouse Leydig cells. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2017 December 23;15(1). http://bit.ly/2CV3VKc
Liu Q, Si T, Xu X, Liang F, Wang L, Pan S. Electromagnetic radiations at 900 MHz induces sperm apoptosis through bcl-2, bax together with caspase-3 signaling pathways inwards rats. Reprod Health. 2015; 12:65.
Nakatani-Enomoto S, Okutsu M, Suzuki southward et al. Effects of 1950 MHz W-CDMA-like signal on human spermatoza. Bioelectromagnetics. eleven Jun 2016. http://bit.ly/28L7nE5
Narayanan SN, Lukose ST, Arun G, Mohapatra N, Pamala J, Concessao PL, Jetti R, Kedage V, Nalini K, Bhat PG. Modulatory effect of 900 MHz radiations on biochemical together with reproductive parameters inwards rats. Bratisl Lek Listy. 2018;119(9):581-587. http://bit.ly/2pxJx9B
Odacı E, Hancı H, Yuluğ E, Türedi S, Aliyazıcıoğlu Y, Kaya H, Çolakoğlu S.Effects of prenatal exposure to a 900 MHz electromagnetic acre on 60-day-old rat testis together with epididymal sperm quality. Biotech Histochem. 2015 Oct 15:1-11. http://1.usa.gov/1LB2jyE
Oyewopo AO, Olaniyi SK, Oyewopo CI, Jimoh AT. Radiofrequency electromagnetic radiations from jail energy cell telephone causes defective testicular business office inwards manly someone Wistar rats. Andrologia. 2017 Mar 6. http://bit.ly/2lZ1rP1
Pandey N, Giri S, Das S, Upadhaya P. Radiofrequency radiations (900 MHz)-induced deoxyribonucleic acid impairment together with jail energy cell wheel arrest inwards testicular germ cells inwards swiss albino mice. Toxicol Ind Health. 2016 Oct 13. http://bit.ly/2e1OscT
Parsanezhad M, Mortazavi SMJ, Doohandeh T, Namavar Jahromi B, Mozdarani , Zarei A, Davari M, Amjadi S, Soleimani A, Haghani M. Exposure to radiofrequency radiations emitted from mobile telephone jammers adversely affects the character of human sperm. International Journal of Radiation Research. 15(1). January 2017. http://bit.ly/2nyVhck
Radwan, M, Jurewicz, J, Merecz-Kot, D, Sobala, W, Radwan, P, Bochenek, M, Hanke, W. Sperm deoxyribonucleic acid damage—the effect of stress together with everyday life factors. International Journal of Impotence Research. xiv Apr 2016. http://bit.ly/1W0igXi
Saygin M, Asci H, Ozmen O, Cankara FN, Dincoglu D, Ilhan I. Impact of 2.45 GHz microwave radiations on the testicular inflammatory pathway biomarkers inwards immature rats: The role of gallic acid. Environ Toxicol. 2015 Aug 13. doi: 10.1002/tox.22179. [Epub ahead of print] http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26268881?dopt=Abstract
Schauer I, Mohamad Al-Ali B. Combined effects of varicocele together with jail energy cell phones on semen together with hormonal parameters. Wien Klin Wochenschr. 2017 Oct 13. doi: 10.1007/s00508-017-1277-9. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29030685
Sepehrimanesh, M. & Davis, D.L. Proteomic impacts of electromagnetic fields on the manly someone reproductive system. Comp Clin Pathol (2016). doi:10.1007/s00580-016-2342-x. http://bit.ly/2dTj1oT
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Effect Of Mobile Phones On Sperm Quality
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